Greetings!
Probably the easiest way to begin would be to take a position, for or against it, and make that your thesis. For example: "Despite the fact that over 135 countries across the globe have outlawed the death penalty, and that there is little evidence to support its use, the United States remains as one of the few major industrialized nations that still executes prisoners." (You could also choose to take the opposite viewpoint, of course.) The supporting paragraphs which follow could start off with a history of the death penalty (going back as far as you think you need to, as 10-12 pages is a fairly long paper), ways that it has changed in implementation over time (gas chamber, lethal injection, etc.), other historical points of interest (for instance, that the U.S. Supreme Court suspended its application for a number of years after deciding that it was not being implemented fairly), and, of course, the arguments and evidence that support your position as to whether the death penalty is an effective form of punishment. Bring in, as well, the arguments on the other side, and show why they are flawed. Finish with a conclusion that summarizes the major points you have made and restate your conclusion that your position is the correct one.
I hope this helps draw a sort of road map for you that will be helpful!
Thanks,
Sarah, EssayForum.com
Sarah, EssayForum.com