It is pretty good for a fifth grader! Don't think I am berating him here. I am just pointing out a couple of different things that he could do to make it stronger. I am not saying that he should rewrite the whole thing, but I think that there are a few things he could jazz up. Right now it is sounding a little like a condensed research paper and less like a poem.
Perhaps he can add a metaphor, simile, hyperbole, or some personification. Has he learned any of these literary trick yet?
BlueInk:
Gold nuggets were rare.
This might be a good place to use personification. Maybe something like: Gold whispered their names
BlueInk:
Old men looked for gold
This line makes it sound like only old men were involved. Maybe change it to something like: Old and young heard the call.
BlueInk:
Lots of people moved to California
He mentions California later in the poem. Maybe develop the idea of leaving their lives behind more: Leaving behind their families and homes.
BlueInk:
Dust from gold is called gold flakes
This was the part that sounded most like a report to me. A little too factual and not quite poetic enough. How about something like: Dreaming of golden riches.
BlueInk:
Fleeing to California
Everybody wanted gold
Leave these just as they are.
BlueInk:
Very few people found gold nuggets
Every few people found gold flakes
Switch these around. The second line is a little awkward. How about: Very few found gold flakes/ Even fewer claimed gold nuggets.
BlueInk:
Rare finds were good to the people of the gold rush.
End with a punch! Rare finds were just that ... rare. The vast majority of people did not come out of the gold rush rich. Come up with a line that summarizes the experience. It could be something like: Ruin more common than riches.
Good luck to him!
Eric Noto