Principles of Macroeconomics - I need your assistance in these topics

Answer any 1 out of the two questions.

1. Use difference curve analysis to analyse how a couple decides to allocate their lifetimes between work and raising children. Determine any two circumstances that could influence their optimal decisions and explain how such changes may affect the couple's decision making. Illustrate your explanation in indifference curves and budget lines diagrams.

or

2. The Malaysian government imposed further increase in duties for cigarettes and tobacco products in order to promote a healthy lifestyle and discourage smoking. Assess the effectiveness of such measure. Suggest any two possible measures that can be adopted to accomplish these goals. Justify your answer.

I would like ask you whether which question is more easy to answer and seek for information and how can I start to work on this?T.Q

Good afternoon!

As to which of these is the "easier" question, I can't answer that one for you :)
The first place I suggest looking for relevant information for either question is the textbook your instructor assigned for the class. If there are examples in it of differential curve analysis, then you could use that as a guide and plug in the information for this particular question and use the book as your model. On the other hand, for the second question, you could use your own opinions to answer the question. What are the pros and cons of raising taxes on these items? If the pros outweigh the cons, you might conclude it is a good idea, and further expand on that to answer the second part of the question; what would work to deter individuals from these unhealthy habits? This one sounds more like independent brainstorming; the other seems to be something you could model from an example in your textbook.
If your textbook does not provide adequate examples of differential curve analysis, you could do an internet search using the keywords "differential curve analysis" and "examples of"; that could bring up some useful information for you.
I hope this helps!

Regards,
Gloria
Moderator, EssayForum.com

Hi Gloria,

I had come out wif a structure for answering question no.2, could u comment on it for me?Or do u mind to suggest a well structure for me?T.Q

Introduction

Paragraph 1
The effective of imposed tax

Paragraph 2
The effectiveness of imposed tax

Paragraph 3
I think imposed tax is effectiveness and come out wif point
1.The smokers already addicted
2.Advertising boost the sales of cigarettes
3.Smokers can bear the taxes imposed by government(Because the taxes is little and would not cause any financial problem to them)

Paragraph 4
Two possible measures that can be adopted to accomplish these goals:
1.Education
2.Campaign
3.Health Talk

Paragraph 5
Conclusion

Good morning Christopher!

This looks like an excellent outline. What are the main points you are going to touch on in paragraphs 1 and 2? Everything else looks great!

Regards,
Gloria
Moderator, EssayForum.com

Pros and Cons of increase tax on tobacco products:

Pros
The increased revenue from raising the tobacco tax will serve multiple vital goals, including increasing health insurance coverage, supporting the state's health care providers, expanding access to care, and allowing the creation of a world-class cancer center and increased telemedicine services.

Cons
We need to take account in the increased tobacco taxes will lead to a shift of sales to the black market and that tribes operating under the old tobacco compact or under the "proximity exceptions" will find ways to exploit their competitive advantage to gain a larger market share. If so, tobacco revenues will be less than expected and both non-tribal retailers and tribal retailers under new compacts will be harmed.

Pros
Purchasing cigarettes is price-elastic, so increasing the price of cigarettes is the best deterrent against smoking. As the price increases, the demand and consumption of cigarettes will decrease. It's estimated that if the tobacco tax is increased by $1, youth smoking would be reduced by 19.3 percent.


Cons
Put the health questions aside. One reason I object to proposed increases is my belief they will never raise the kind of revenue many project. In state after state, cigarette and tobacco tax increases have failed to do that. The consequence of a miscalculation could be staggering.

Good afternoon.

More than three quarters of this essay is plagiarized and has failed plagiarism checkers; I cannot assist you with material that is not properly cited and not your original work. Please repost with original content or properly cited content to avoid plagiarism penalties.


Regards,
Gloria
Moderator, EssayForum.com

I will cite it in my work...Just ask ur comment whether can those points be used?

Good morning.

As long as you cite them, you can use them.

Regards,
Gloria
Moderator, EssayForum.com

Hi Gloria, this is my 1st paragraph...Could u comment on it and proof reading for me?

// removed //

Good afternoon Christopher!

Here are my suggestions:

"As a continuous effort to promote healthy lifestyles and to reduce the social ills due to consume (Remove) smoking, it is proposed that the Malaysian government impose further increases on duties for cigarettes and tobacco products. According to Prostar (2008), smoking can be regarded as a global affliction that has serious consequences on the individual's as well as the non-smokers' health and on the health system as well as the economy of a country. With the increasing need to minimize the health damage of smoking, governments impose taxes on tobacco consumption to improve public health; with the subsequent reduction in tobacco consumption comes reduced mortality and morbidity rates. Furthermore, a government can use the revenue generated from these taxes to better provide insurance coverage for those affected by tobacco use. Research and Markets (2008) states that the smoking population in Malaysia continued to increase in 2007, it was mainly due to the young. Approximately 480,000 people or 8% of an estimated six million smokers in Malaysia were female. From a social standpoint, the prevalence of young and young female smokers is expected to increase because the high smoking prevalence makes smoking acceptable and almost akin to a norm in Malaysia. This is an exact, word-for-word quote; therefore, it needs to be enclosed by quotation marks and cited clearly in an in-text citation. As a consequence, increasing price, generally through a tax hike, is featured in every comprehensive tobacco control policy proposal. Thus, I will bring up a further discussion on the price elasticity of demand and supply, tax burden on consumers and suppliers, the impact of imposed taxes on cigarettes and tobacco products which enables us to have a more understanding in economic analysis of tobacco product markets (Do not tell me what you are going to tell me in the essay, just tell me. Either boil this section down by making a clear, concise statement or remove it completely)."

Regards,
Gloria
Moderator, EssayForum.com

Then, how can I create a thesis statement? I thought the sentence start from Thus,...... is thesis statement....sorry....Could u teach me how to create a thesis statement in this assignment?

A thesis statement tells us what you are going to talk about, but it does not start with "I am going to tell you about..." or "I will bring up...". It should start with your position; you think that tax hikes are a deterrent to the use of tobacco products. In academics we refrain from saying things like "I think..." or "I don't think..." but, it is ok for you to say something like "Tax increases are an effective smoking deterrent in Malaysia", or something of the like that is more appropriate towards your point of view. The statement could be an effective thesis statement, but it should sound something like "Price elasticity, supply and demand, and tax burdens on consumers as well as suppliers all contribute to our undestanding of economic analysis in regards to the tobacco product market."

Regards,
Gloria
Moderator, EssayForum.com

Thus, smoking and tobacco should be seen as a parity issue in developing countries.---->>>can it be my thesis?

This is my second paragraph...
In addition to price, a variety of other factors can affect the demands for cigarettes and other tobacco products, including income, advertising and other promotional activities, and tastes. (Chaloupka and Warner, 1999) In the industrialized nations, the relationship between income and cigarette consumption has reversed. Early demand studies concluded that cigarette smoking was a normal good, with cigarette consumption rising as income rose. More recent studies, however, have found that cigarettes have become an inferior good, in that the likelihood of smoking declines as income rises. Raising cigarettes and tobacco prices are the most effective and simplest methods for significantly reducing tobacco apply, especially among adolescents. (Chaloupka and Warner, 1999) Based on the surveys of Mary (1996), it indicates that smokers in developing countries are much more sensitive to price changes than their counterparts in developed countries as their resources are limited. Consequently, we must also set aside tobacco tax for tobacco methods control such as imposed equivalent taxes on all tobacco products. (Mary, 1996)

Good morning!

Remove "Thus", and it should be acceptable.

Regards,
Gloria
Moderator, EssayForum.com

Here are my suggestions for the second paragraph:

"In addition to price, a variety of other factors can affect the demands for cigarettes and other tobacco products. These factors include income, taste, advertising and other promotional activities (Chaloupka and Warner, 1999). In the industrialized nations, the relationship between income and cigarette consumption has reversed. Early demand studies concluded that cigarette smoking was a normal good, with cigarette consumption rising as income rose. More recent studies, however, have found that cigarettes have become an inferior good, in that the likelihood of smoking declines as income rises. Cite your resource here. Raising cigarettes and tobacco prices are the most effective and simplest methods for significantly reducing tobacco apply (consumption?) , especially among adolescents. (Chaloupka and Warner, 1999).d Based on the surveys of Mary (1996), it indicates that (Remove) smokers in developing countries are much more sensitive to price changes than their counterparts in developed countries as their resources are limited. Consequently, we must also set aside tobacco tax for tobacco methods control such as imposed equivalent taxes on all tobacco products" (Mary, 1996).

Hi Gloria, thanks for ur proof reading. The work that I show u is it ok? My standpoint is increase tax on cigarettes and tobacco products are effective. If I think my 1st and 2nd paragraph is too long can u suggest me that which sentences is not that important and can be remove?

As a continuous effort to promote healthy lifestyles and to reduce the social ills due to smoking, it is proposed that the Malaysian government impose further increases on duties for cigarettes and tobacco products. According to Prostar (2008), smoking can be regarded as a global affliction that has serious consequences on the individual's as well as the non-smokers' health and on the health system as well as the economy of a country. With the increasing need to minimize the health damage of smoking, governments impose taxes on tobacco consumption to improve public health; with the subsequent reduction in tobacco consumption comes reduced mortality and morbidity rates. (Chaloupka and Warner, 1999) Furthermore, a government can use the revenue generated from these taxes to better provide insurance coverage for those affected by tobacco use. Research and Markets (2008) states that "the smoking population in Malaysia continued to increase in 2007; Approximately 480,000 people or 8% of an estimated six million smokers in Malaysia were female. Overwhelmingly, smoking is embarked upon during youth, the prevalence of young and young female smokers is expected to increase because the high smoking prevalence makes smoking acceptable and almost akin to a norm in Malaysia." As a consequence, increasing price, generally through a tax hike, is featured in every comprehensive tobacco control policy proposal. Price elasticity, supply and demand, and tax burdens on consumers as well as suppliers all contribute to our understanding of economic analysis in regards to the tobacco product market.
"In addition to price, a variety of other factors can affect the demands for cigarettes and other tobacco products. These factors include income, taste, advertising and other promotional activities. Evidence from countries at all income levels show that price increases on cigarettes are highly effective in reducing demand." (Chaloupka and Warner, 1999) As higher taxes induce some smokers to quit and deter others from starting. They also reduce the number of ex-smokers who return to cigarettes and reduce consumption among continuing smokers. On average, a price rise of 10 percent on a pack of cigarettes would be expected to reduce demand for cigarettes in the short term by about 4 percent in high-income countries and by about 8 percent in low- and middle-income countries, where lower incomes tend to make people more responsive to price changes. (Jha, Beyer and Heller, 1999) Raising cigarettes and tobacco prices are the most effective and simplest methods for significantly reducing tobacco use, especially among adolescents. (Chaloupka and Warner, 1999) Based on the surveys of Mary (1996), smokers in developing countries are much more sensitive to price changes than their counterparts in developed countries as their resources are limited. Consequently, we must also set aside tobacco tax for tobacco methods control such as imposed equivalent taxes on all tobacco products.

Hi Gloria, I had complete my whole assignment with graph supported but when I try to paste it in essay forum the graph cannot be seen...so how?

Good evening.

Here are my suggestions:

"As a continuous effort to promote healthy lifestyles and to reduce the social ills due to smoking, it is proposed that the Malaysian government impose further increases on duties for cigarettes and tobacco products. According to Prostar (2008), smoking can be regarded as a global affliction that has serious consequences on the individual's as well as the non-smokers' health and on the health system as well as the economy of a country. With the increasing need to minimize the health damages of smoking, governments impose taxes on tobacco consumption to improve public health; with the subsequent reduction in tobacco consumption comes reduced mortality and morbidity rates (Chaloupka and Warner, 1999). Furthermore, a government can use the revenue generated from these taxes to better provide insurance coverage for those affected by tobacco use. Research and Markets (2008) states that "...the smoking population in Malaysia continued to increase in 2007; approximately 480,000 people or 8% of an estimated six million smokers in Malaysia were female. Overwhelmingly, smoking is embarked upon during youth, the prevalence of young and young female smokers is expected to increase because the high smoking prevalence makes smoking acceptable and almost akin to a norm in Malaysia." As a consequence, increasing price, generally through a tax hike, is featured in every comprehensive tobacco control policy proposal. This is an exact, word-for-word quote without proper citation. If it is not properly cited, it is plagairism. Price elasticity, supply and demand, and tax burdens on consumers as well as suppliers all contribute to our understanding of economic analysis in regards to the tobacco product market. You could probably remove this statement without hurting your essay because it introduces the new concept of economic analysis at the end of a totally separate thought. If you wanted to keep it, you would have to expand upon it so that the statement flowed with the rest of the essay.
"In addition to price, a variety of other factors can affect the demands for cigarettes and other tobacco products. These factors include income, taste, advertising and other promotional activities. Evidence from countries at all income levels show that price increases on cigarettes are highly effective in reducing demand." (Chaloupka and Warner, 1999) As higher taxes induces some smokers to quit and deter others from starting. They also reduce the number of ex-smokers who return to cigarettes and reduce consumption among continuing smokers. On average, a price rise of 10 percent on a pack of cigarettes would be expected to reduce demand for cigarettes in the short term by about 4 percent in high-income countries and by about 8 percent in low- and middle-income countries, where lower incomes tend to make people more responsive to price changes. This is an exact, word-for-word quote without proper citation. If it is not enclosed by quotation marks and properly cited, it is plagairism. (Jha, Beyer and Heller, 1999) Raising cigarettes and tobacco prices are the most effective and simplest methods for significantly reducing tobacco use, especially among adolescents. (Chaloupka and Warner, 1999) Based on the surveys of Mary (1996), smokers in developing countries are much more sensitive to price changes than their counterparts in developed countries as their resources are limited. Consequently, we must also set aside tobacco tax for tobacco method controls such as imposed equivalent taxes on all tobacco products."

As far as the graph goes, you will not be able to post it here because it is not text; furthermore, there is probably not a lot that I could do to help you with it as it is not content writing or editing.

Regards,
Gloria
Moderator, EssayForum.com

Last time Sarah can..Then nevermind....Thanks....

You may also link to an image using the [imgs] [/imgs] tags, like this one:

Can I skip the diagram part and seek for ur help in these few paragraph?Cause I think my work is not structure...One more thing is I think I had too much citation and quotation in my work...will it affect my mark?I need ur help on it...My assignment due date is on 20th May....T.Q

The campaign on anti-smoking in Malaysia is a crucial one because smoking is considered one of the world's leading preventable causes of death. "...Tobacco control aims to reduce the harm caused by tobacco use through preventing initiation, increasing quitting, reducing consumption by smokers who continue to smoke and protecting nonsmokers from exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke." (Pan American Health Organization, 2008) The most cost-effective tobacco control measures including impose higher tobacco taxes, elimination of tobacco advertising and promotion, smoke-free environments and strong graphic health warnings on tobacco packaging in order to achieve all of these goals.
In fact, the empirical evidence shows that an increase in tobacco taxes can raise tobacco tax revenues. Governments can use the revenue generated from these taxes to promote anti-smoking programs and advertisement of the negative effects of smoking better provide insurance coverage for those affected by tobacco use. (Chaloupka and Warner, 1999)
Malaysia has banned tobacco advertising and promotion in 2003 as comprehensive advertising bans can decrease cigarette consumption. The growing restrictions on tobacco advertising and promotion in Malaysia were echoed in the steady expansion of places where cigarette smoking was prohibited. This transformation was rooted in the re-conceptualization of smoking as an environmental health issue, which emphasized that side stream smoke could harm nonsmoking bystanders. (Eric al. et, 2004)
A restriction on smoking in public places and private work sites is one of the possible measures that can be adopted to accomplish the goals. It can be supported by the studies of Chaloupka and Warner (1999), to impose additional costs on smokers by forcing them outdoors to smoke, raising the time and discomfort associated with smoking, or by imposing fines for smoking in restricted areas. "...As a matter of fact, ban of smoking in public areas can still be safeguarded by introducing smoking shelters which can be used for smoking, keeping rest of the environment smoke free. Effectively, all the public areas have now being relieved from the smoke and smokers. Though smoking shelters have given new life to smokers, it has at the same time restricted the usage of cigarettes, motivating smokers to reduce their smoking habit on large scale in public places keeping the atmosphere clean with a new hope of having a healthier nation." (Nayie, 2008)
In a nutshell, convince our governments to put tobacco control as top priority is our responsibilities in order to realize the vision of the Ministry of Health of reducing the number of smokers and ensure that smoking-related diseases are no longer a public health problem by the year 2020. Earmarking revenues generated from increased tobacco taxes for comprehensive tobacco control programs leads to significant reductions in overall smoking and in the prevalence of youth smoking. The government should utilize stricter measures against contraband cigarettes, and higher fines are imposed on smokers that smoke illegal trade cigarettes in Malaysia to reduce the consumption of smoking among the population.

Good morning!

Ah, I learned something as well! I hope the image link helps you post it here!

The citations in your work back up your opinions and make them more substantial. If you are writing a strictly opinion essay, then you probably wouldn't need as many citations as if you were asked to choose a side and analyze an argument, which is what it looks like you were asked to do for this assignment. In academics, it is necessary to cite previous works by experts to "prove" one stance is more reasonable than another. The more statistics and word-for-word quotations you use, the more references you need to have to substantiate them.
If you do not cite references in an analytical or critical paper, you will get marked down; if you plagairize a work, you can get removed from the class and possibly expelled from school.

"The campaign on anti-smoking in Malaysia is a crucial one because smoking is considered one of the world's leading preventable causes of death. "...tobacco control aims to reduce the harm caused by tobacco use through preventing initiation, increasing quitting, reducing consumption by smokers who continue to smoke and protecting nonsmokers from exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke" (Pan American Health Organization, 2008). (Make sure you are placing your end quotation marks at the end of the quote, then the citation in ellipses, and the period after the last ellipse. The most cost-effective tobacco control measures include imposing higher tobacco taxes, eliminating tobacco advertising and promotion, smoke-free environments and strong graphic health warnings on tobacco packaging in order to achieve all of these goals.
In fact, the empirical evidence shows that an increase in tobacco taxes can raise tobacco tax revenues. Governments can use the revenue generated from these taxes to promote anti-smoking programs and advertisement of the negative effects of smoking better provide insurance coverage for those affected by tobacco use (Since this is a word-for-word quotation, it needs to be enclosed in quotation marks to prevent plagairism. ) (Chaloupka and Warner, 1999).
Malaysia banned tobacco advertising and promotion in 2003 as comprehensive advertising bans can decrease cigarette consumption. The growing restrictions on tobacco advertising and promotion in Malaysia were echoed in the steady expansion of places where cigarette smoking was prohibited. This transformation was rooted in the re-conceptualization of smoking as an environmental health issue, which emphasized that side stream smoke could harm nonsmoking bystanders (Eric al. et, 2004).
A restriction on smoking in public places and private work sites is one of the possible measures that can be adopted to accomplish the goals. It can be supported by the studies of Chaloupka and Warner (1999), to impose additional costs on smokers by forcing them outdoors to smoke, raising the time and discomfort associated with smoking, or by imposing fines for smoking in restricted areas. "...as a matter of fact, ban of smoking in public areas can still be safeguarded by introducing smoking shelters which can be used for smoking, keeping rest of the environment smoke free. Effectively, all the public areas have now being relieved from the smoke and smokers. Though smoking shelters have given new life to smokers, it has at the same time restricted the usage of cigarettes, motivating smokers to reduce their smoking habit on large scale in public places keeping the atmosphere clean with a new hope of having a healthier nation" (Nayie, 2008). (Always place your period behind the ellipse when you are citing.
In a nutshell, convincing our governments to put tobacco control as a top priority is our responsibility in order to realize the vision of the Ministry of Health to reduce the number of smokers and ensure that smoking-related diseases are no longer a public health problem by the year 2020. Earmarking revenues generated from increased tobacco taxes for comprehensive tobacco control programs leads to significant reductions in overall smoking and in the prevalence of youth smoking. The government should utilize stricter measures against contraband cigarettes, and higher fines are imposed on smokers that smoke illegal trade cigarettes in Malaysia to reduce the consumption of smoking among the population."

I fail to link it...nevermind...u did help me a lot...Thank u very much...So overall how do u think my work?Is it fit the description of the question?Anything to add?

Good morning!

The graph came through! Yay!

I think your essay is good; it is well organized and you use good examples to clarify your positions. The graph helps illustrate your explanations; you have a good amount of research to support your arguments, and as long as you cite everything correctly, I think you're going to do just fine.

Good luck!

Regards,
Gloria
Moderator, EssayForum.com